What is urology?

Urology is a medical specialty concerned with conditions and diseases of the genital and urinary tract in men, women and children.

Urologists also diagnose and treat disorders of the male reproductive system.

How many times a day does a healthy person urinate?

Urination frequency varies widely, but most healthy people use the bathroom four to eight times a day.

More frequent urination or waking up at night to go to the bathroom may signal a health problem or simply that you’re drinking too much before or at bedtime.

What can I do to maintain good urologic health?

The best way to avoid urological problems is to maintain good overall health habits, including exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding tobacco, excessive alcohol and caffeine.

You should also avoid foods or substances that remove water from the body, known as diuretics.

What increases a woman's risk of incontinence?

Often it’s a combination of factors, such as having given birth multiple times, age, obesity and smoking.

Other factors include:

    • Chronic bladder infections
    • Diabetes
    • Hysterectomy
    • Lower estrogen levels after menopause
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s disease
    • Stroke or spinal cord injury

While age can be a contributor, no one should accept incontinence as an inevitability of growing older.

What increases the risk of incontinence for men?

Most men have decreased bladder capacity as they age, naturally increasing the risk of incontinence to some degree.

But incontinence in men may be related to a number of health conditions or medical treatments. It also can be caused by lifestyle or family history.

Other contributors can be smoking, obesity, a high consumption of alcohol and caffeinated and carbonated drinks, and injury to the bladder.

Just as in women, neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s disease can play a role.

What is a urodynamic test?

Urodynamics refers to the mechanisms of your urinary tract.

Urodynamic testing is an analysis of how well the bladder, urethra and muscles (sphincters) function to control voiding, or the elimination of urine. These tests help urologists treat problems with storing urine or voiding.

What are the symptoms of kidney stones?

If you are experiencing sudden and severe pain in the back, side, abdomen, groin, or genitals that increases in waves, you may have a kidney stone. Other symptoms include nausea and vomiting, the presence of blood in the urine, and frequent and painful urination.

What are the symptoms of BPH?

As men age, the prostate enlarges as a result of the hormone testosterone. This enlargement of the prostate is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). As the prostate enlarges, the flow of urine is restricted, causing a number of symptoms, including a weak urine stream and a more frequent need to urinate.